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Type II diabetes is a disease of too much insulin (hyperinsulinaemia), and the way to lower serum insulin is to avoid eating foods that provoke the pancreas to secrete it. That means lowering our carbohydrate intake. since carbohydrates are simply glucose molecules arranged in various ways. Insulin has a significant effect on lowering the metabolism, so as insulin drops, our metabolic rate increases. This is a good thing. We enter ketosis pretty quickly, once insulin drops.
This means that the key to ketogenic eating is to drastically cut the carbs. Especially we want to avoid sugar, starches, and grains. The founders of this forum recommend a daily carbohydrate limit of 20 g, and depending on how insulin-resistant a person is, that limit may need to be even lower. However, 20 g/day works well for most people.
Protein has much less of an effect on insulin when we eat ketogenically, as opposed to when we eat it with carbohydrate. So fat and protein become our main sources of nutrition on a ketogenic diet. Fatty acids are actually a better source of energy for the body than glucose, since they are metabolised more cleanly and they have a negligible effect on insulin secretion, no more than is necessary to sustain life.
This means that a ketogenic diet can safely be eaten to satiety, without worrying about calories. At first you will probably need to eat a lot, but as you go on and your appetite hormones re-regulate themselves, you will find your appetite naturally dropping, to allow your body to metabolise both the fat in your diet and the excess fat in your adipocytes. This, combined with the higher metabolic rate permitted in the absence of insulin allows us to lose fat without hunger. In fact, restricting our calories can actually inhibit fat loss.
Just a word of advice: Don’t try to fast at first. Wait until you find yourself skipping meals without thinking about it. That will make the whole process much easier. Starting a ketogenic diet puts enough stress on the body; you don’t want to add to it. Similarly, our skeletal muscles need to heal to the point where they can efficiently metabolise fatty acids again. This process of keto-adaptation or fat-adaptation takes most people six to eight weeks. During this time, be sure not to over-excercise, since, again, it’s not a good idea to over-stress the body. You will know when it’s time to start working harder again. In any case, while exercise has many great benefits, promoting fat loss is not one of them.