What we do know (from radio-labeled food studies) is that “triglycerides” are dietary carbohydrate packaged into chylomicrons for storage in adipose tissue, and “high-density lipoprotein” transports fatty acids from the adipose to where they are needed. All lipoproteins also transport cholesterol around for cells that need more than they can make on their own, so it’s obviously the cholesterol that kills us. 
But what the ratio of triglycerides to HDL really tells us is whether we are eating in a way likely to promote cardiovascular disease, or in a way that is likely to avoid it.
Absolutely! He is a prominent member of the International Network of Cholesterol Sceptics (THINCS). For the record, even THINCS membes agree that statins do lower cholesterol. They also appear to have an anti-inflammatory effect that can be beneficial for cardiovascular patients. However, what the THINCS people maintain is that cholesterol has no causal role whatsoever in atherosclerosis.
Their position, which makes a lot of sense to me, is that there are factors that cause tears in arterial walls. In a person on a healthy diet (not the diet recommended by the authorities, which is damaging), the repair mechanisms can keep up with the damage without producing arterial plaque. Once the rate of damage increases, however, plaques form to help stabilise and repair the damage, and cholesterol appears in the plaques as part of this process. But its presence in plaques does not mean it caused the plaques, any more than the presence of fire engines at a building fire means they caused the fire.
My understanding is that statins lower serum cholesterol so that it won’t seep into arterial walls and cause plaques. Since cholesterol doesn’t seep into arterial walls, and since plaques form in response to blood clots formed in response to damage to arterial walls, and cholesterol doesn’t cause that damage, the logic that statins help by lowering serum cholesterol is faulty.