Listen to the most recent Obesity Code Podcast.”Energy Balance” or read The Obesity Code book.
Dr. Fung will make you feel better.
To summarize:
I know it’s hard not to compare yourself to others. I am also not losing but my metabolism is shot from 40 years of dieting. It will take time. Hang in there!
I never said I was counting calories. Someone said I was probably eating too many so I answered them by telling them how many I usually have at the end of the day
There is “high” and “crazy high”. One ApoE4 allele usually isn’t much an issue. Two copies of E4 is where things can get tricky. See here
where it is shown that ApoE4 carriers don’t react to ketones supplementation. This is not definitive evidence that keto doesn’t work for ApoE4 carriers however this would make sense from a biological point of view.
All the study you shared shows is that people who kept their same diet and then were administered exogenous ketones, the E4 singular carriers didn’t respond with improvements to cognitive function. They also didn’t have information for E4/E4. What this has no information about is whether endogenous ketone production over a long period is beneficial to E4 cognitive function. It also has absolutely nothing to do with how the rest of the body responds to ketones. There isn’t concern about a gene that entirely prevents ketosis (PPARa) because, if the gene wasn’t present, someone trying to enter ketosis would instead get hypoglycemia and not recover until glucose was administered since the body would not activate ketone production for fuel. I’m going to assume this would result in eventual death if glucose wasn’t administered as they’d essentially be truly starving.
Here are further resources for those that might test positive for E4 singular or double in regards to ketosis.
Agreed. But the next question is why ApoE4 carriers didn’t show any improvement. In practice, the blood levels of BHB were increasing over a long period in the ApoE4(+) group and stable or decreasin in the ApoE4(-) group, suggesting that ApoE4 carriers were not capable to use/properly metabolize ketones.
This other study goes in the same sense:
says “It is possible that ε4− subjects were better able to utilize ketones than were ε4+ subjects, resulting in lower -OHB levels and greater cognitive improvement. This possibility suggests APOE-related differences in ketone body metabolism.”
As this 3rd study: