Autophagy

collaroygal · 2018-03-29 23:44:29 UTC

Been reading up more on autophagy. Putting some links in here so I can find them again.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Starving neurons show sex difference in autophagy.

L Du, RW Hickey, H Bayir, SC Watkins, VA Tyurin, F Guo, PM Kochanek, LW Jenkins, J Ren, G Gibson, CT Chu, VE Kagan and RS Clark, The Journal of biological chemistry, Jan 23 2009

Sex-dependent differences in adaptation to famine have long been appreciated, thought to hinge on female versus male preferences for fat versus protein sources, respectively. However, whether these differences can be reduced to neurons, independent of typical nutrient depots, such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver, was heretofore unknown. A vital adaptation to starvation is autophagy, a mechanism for recycling amino acids from organelles and proteins. Here we show that segregated neurons from males in culture are more vulnerable to starvation than neurons from females. Nutrient deprivation decreased mitochondrial respiration, increased autophagosome formation, and produced cell death more profoundly in neurons from males versus females. Starvation-induced neuronal death was attenuated by 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy; Atg7 knockdown using small interfering RNA; or L-carnitine, essential for transport of fatty acids into mitochondria, all more effective in neurons from males versus females. Relative tolerance to nutrient deprivation in neurons from females was associated with a marked increase in triglyceride and free fatty acid content and a cytosolic phospholipase A2-dependent increase in formation of lipid droplets. Similar sex differences in sensitivity to nutrient deprivation were seen in fibroblasts. However, although inhibition of autophagy using Atg7 small interfering RNA inhibited cell death during starvation in neurons, it increased cell death in fibroblasts, implying that the role of autophagy during starvation is both sex- and tissue-dependent. Thus, during starvation, neurons from males more readily undergo autophagy and die, whereas neurons from females mobilize fatty acids, accumulate triglycerides, form lipid droplets, and survive longer.

collaroygal · 2018-03-29 23:50:32 UTC

Sorry it took me so long to get back to this.

Here is a search of IDM for autophagy. I can’t remember which one first brought up the water, no protein discussion. They are all worth reading. It was the blog that contained them not the videos, my bad:grimacing:

https://idmprogram.com/?s=autophagy

OldDoug · 2018-07-09 22:51:50 UTC

I’d like to see a comparison between a diet including olive oil and fasting. Still - if anything this looks promising to me.

kib · 2018-07-09 23:22:26 UTC

I like the finding but I don’t trust it, studies like this make me want to scream: if you want to know if it’s OLIVE OIL, then you have to give other mice a macro-nutrient identical diet without olive oil. All this study can really show is that adding FAT (which happened to be olive oil) to the diet made a difference. Maybe butter or 10W40 would have been equally beneficial. Since this should be obvious to a sixth grade science student, I assume this study was funded by Big Olive.

OldDoug · 2018-07-09 23:20:23 UTC

Karen, would be good to see a study adding other saturated fats, as well…

DeeCS · 2019-08-15 20:42:48 UTC

Is this based on real research do you think?
https://selfhacked.com/blog/autophagy-benefits-and-how-to-harness/

Also, I have been posting about how inositol and choline supplementation has been making it so I don’t have any carb cravings. However, I just found this saying that inositol stops autophagy.

autophagy and inositol.pdf (184.8 KB)

collaroygal · 2019-08-15 22:01:25 UTC

Selfhacked always has links to the studies related to the articles.
“There are additional mechanisms for turning on and off autophagy that do not involve mTOR/AMPK. The inhibition of inositol monophosphatase and disruptions to the endoplasmic reticulum (causing the creation of faulty proteins) can both turn on autophagy [105, 104].”

brownfat · 2019-08-15 23:56:42 UTC

The article is consistent with what I’ve seen elsewhere regarding autophagy. I think the research is “real” but how much of it is correct and relevant is debatable. One issue is a lack of means to evaluate the need for autophagy or the degree to which one activates it via any of these mechanisms. Thus we have endless debates about how often and long we should fast and how “pure” the fast needs to be.

collaroygal · 2019-08-31 04:43:32 UTC

This thread is old but seems like a good spot for this article on Mammalian
macroautophagy at a glance. I am still trying to understand all of it, will take a few reads I think