I have worked on blood pressure studies in the past. We had very strict protocols for measuring someone’s blood pressure because so many things can affect it.
The patients needed to sit still for 5 minutes before we would measure their bp. No talking, no reading, nothing. Even thinking about stressful things can make a person’s blood pressure go up, so we tried to ask them to empty their minds. We instructed the participants not to cross their legs or ankles and we made sure their legs didn’t hang off the edge of the chair (gave them something like a phone book to rest their feet on if their legs were too short). We made sure to use the right arm (unless there was a medical reason not to, as for those breast cancer survivors who had a lymph node dissection on the right arm) as previous testing had shown that blood pressures taken on the right side showed less variability between measurements. We would measure their arms (from shoulder to elbow to determine the correct spot to measure the width and then around the circumference) to make sure we were using the right size cuff.
Then we would take three readings in a row with 2 minutes in between each measurement to allow the arm to recover. If there was too much variance (specifically explained in the study design) between any two consecutive readings, we would start the whole process again with another 5 minute rest period. Once we got three acceptable measurements, we would average them to find the patient’s resting blood pressure.
Doctor’s offices don’t train their personnel to take true resting blood pressures.
Also, it’s interesting to note that just as with cholesterol levels, where the level at which people are recommended to take lipid lowering medications keeps getting lowered (in that case, without any sound science backing that recommendation up); what is considered to be a high blood pressure has changed significantly over the time I’ve been working in research. What is considered high enough to warrant prescribing antihypertensives keeps getting lower and lower. This makes many more patients fit the criteria and makes the drug companies more and more money. I’d like to think that the science hasn’t been influenced by this inherent bias, but I’m skeptical.
Also, one abnormal reading shouldn’t cause a doctor to prescribe an antihypertensive medication. You need repeated visits with high blood pressure measurements before a doctor should consider medication. Many doctors ask the patients to check their bp’s at home and keep a log because they know that the “white coat syndrome” is real and can be significant. A good doctor should also suggest lifestyle interventions that can help lower blood pressure.
Anyway, I got really wordy. My intent was to show that measuring blood pressures and interpreting what they mean is way more complicated than most people think about.
Try not to stress about it.