Vitamin C is necessary as an antioxidant in the absence of fresh meat. Long before the British Navy discovered the value of feeding its sailors limes and lemons, it was known that eating fresh (not preserved) meat prevented scurvy. This is why people on a carnivore diet don’t need to worry about vitamin C. On Royal Navy ships, everyone stayed healthy as long as there were still animals aboard to kill for fresh meat; the trouble came when the animals were gone, and all there was to eat was salt beef and ship’s biscuit.
The human body has evolved to make its own antioxidants, but a high-carbohydrate diet elevates insulin levels, and high insulin turns on genes that shut off the production of endogenous antioxidants. This makes exogenous antioxidants, such as vitamin C, necessary. A ketogenic diet reduces or even eliminates the need for exogenous antioxidants, both by lowering insulin, and because β-hydroxybutyrate, one of the ketone bodies, shuts of the genes that high insulin had turned on, thus restoring the body’s endogenous antixodant mechanisms.
The uric acid cycle is the body’s means of ridding itself of excess nitrogen.