Does anyone have a link to the studies that show that fat cells live for 10 years and also to how this affects the time it takes to gain insulin resistance. I am very familiar with this topic from the podcaste etc but I recently posted this as a comment on a post on the Obesity Code FB page and I was challenged to produce the science. Can’t find it anywhere online…
help!
You have to love the resourcefulness of this group. Did you search pubmed for this. I’ve started using pubmed, when I have some spare time, and am starting to understand how to navigate and find articles of interest.
To be honest I put “lifetime of adipose cells” into google and that popped up… I have used pubmed a couple of times but end up coming out of the knowledge fest 4 hours later having not done any of the things I was meant to that day so have to ration my use…
I’ve had that problem. I have to be looking for something very specific with tight dates to not be overwhelmed.
The problem I have with the 10-year number @richard talks about is I think it’s described differently. I believe I heard them say that on average 10% of the fat cells are replaced every year. That does not mean 100% are replaced in 10 years though. Also, the study linked in the second post in this thread showed that adipocytes had a mean age of 9.5 years. A mean is not an absolute. That doesn’t mean that the cells only lived to 10 years; it just means that the average one was 10 years old. These are important distinctions.
I wonder if aggressive autophagy removes some old adipose fat cells. Probably too early in the autophagy research to even be studied.
Hmmmm 10 years, maybe that would depend on reverse electron transport activity (RET)?
How do your fat cells shrink?
Human Fatcell
Dr. Michael Eades - 'A New Hypothesis of Obesity’
See also:
Yes.
Looks like there are many steps: browning / beige-ing of white fat cells (WAT to BAT), then increases lipolysis, then autophagy.
Interesting commentary at the end about raspberry ketones… check it out.
I might be diverging this topic a bit… your first video posted says that the stress hormone cortisol speeds up fat loss. This is the second time recently I’ve heard this. This conflicts with what I thought I understood and believed and with so much of what I’ve seen on this forum which seems to have the consensus that the stress hormone cortisol inhibits fat loss. Can anyone give more insight to rectify this?
Yeah, I can see how that can be confusing:
“…unless you are burning more calories than you consume through your diet[2]…”
“Calories?” …that includes eating too much fat or protein, if burning body fat is your goal?
Funny thing about cortisol a component of adrenaline/epinephrine[2] is that it comes from pregnenolone which can be can then be converted into estrogen (fat blocking/storage holding hormone) or testosterone (fat burning hormone)? Emotional stress or too much exercise may have something to do with it? The body uses dietary or endogenous cholesterol to manufacture hormones and the lack of glucose in the diet increases the bodies ability to utilize HGH which increases DHEA levels which makes the brain secrete more hormones besides those being released through adrenal glands and gut flora biome (which also creates the same hormones).
References:
[1] DiNicolantonio, James J.; Mehta, Varshil; Onkaramurthy, Neema; O’Keefe, James H. (2017-12-07). “Fructose-induced Inflammation and Increased Cortisol: A New Mechanism for How Sugar Induces Visceral Adiposity”. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases . doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2017.12.001. ISSN 1873-1740. PMID 29225114.
[2] “…Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, travels through your blood to the fat tissues, signaling them to break down fats and release them into your blood. Of course, releasing fatty acids into your blood does not help you lose fat unless you are burning more calories than you consume through your diet. …More
[3] “…It’s important to understand is that your HPA axis operates on feedback loops. A feedback loop occurs when the output of a system in your body somehow loops back to that system as input, and influences its functioning. A positive feedback loop would increase that system’s output, and a negative feedback loop would decrease it. …” …More
[4] “…In healthy people who don’t have much stress, the HPA axis is activated infrequently enough that it is able to stay healthy and responsive. However, in people who suffer chronic stress and anxiety, cortisol and norepinephrine are continuously overproduced. The body’s cortisol receptors become resistant to cortisol signals and the HPA axis becomes desensitized to the negative feedback telling it to “chill out.” …” …More
[5] “…Hypoglycemia and the HPA axis can perpetuate each other …” …More
[8] “…When clinicians measure salivary cortisol and DHEA (DHEA-S) to assess stress and HPA axis function, it is common to find DHEA levels below the reference range in a number of individuals. A common explanation for the depletion of DHEA and other hormones (e.g., progesterone, testosterone) due to chronic stress is the phenomenon known as “pregnenolone steal.” …” …More
Yes. What Bunny said…
Adrenaline increases fat release. And if energy is needed, then there is fat loss… but cortisol, in a high glucose low energy consumption state, hormonally triggers fat storage.
This is the same with fat… if you consume it with high carbs, the carbs cause insulin, insulin shuttles everything into fat cell including the fat.
So does eating fat make you fat? If you consume it with carbs - YES. If you consume it without carbs? NO.
The exception is if you consume so much that your body is triggered to go anabolic. Hard to do but not impossible.
So will cortisol make you fat? If you’re in an energy deficit (Keto is generally energy deficit, by the way) - NO. If you’re in an energy surplus - YES.
Same with protein. Does consuming protein trigger an insulin spike? If you’re fasted with low blood glucose - NO. In fact, it triggers glucagon release and burns fat. If you’re carb loaded with high glucose and insulin - YES. In fact, it magnifies the insulin response of the high carbs.
The answer in a dynamic system is usually “it depends”…
